labubu/labubu.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef enum {
	LPAREN,
	RPAREN,
	LAMBDA,
	VARIABLE,
	DOT,
	NL,
	DECLARE
} labubu_token_type;

typedef struct {
	labubu_token_type type;
	char* content;
} labubu_token;

typedef struct LABUBU_TOKEN_LIST {
	labubu_token token;
	struct LABUBU_TOKEN_LIST* next;
} labubu_token_list;

typedef struct {
	labubu_token_list* tokens;
	char* rest;
} labubu_lexer;

labubu_token_list* labubu_token_list_append(labubu_token_list* tokens, labubu_token token) {
	labubu_token_list* next = malloc(sizeof (labubu_token_list));
	next->next = NULL;
	next->token = token;
	tokens->next = next;
	return next;
}

void tokenize(labubu_lexer* lexer) {
	labubu_token_list* current_token = lexer->tokens;
	labubu_token token;
	char* buffer;

	while (*lexer->rest != '\0') {
		switch (*lexer->rest) {
			case '\n':
			case ';':
				token = (labubu_token) { .type = NL, .content = "\n" };
				current_token = labubu_token_list_append(
						current_token, 
						token);
				lexer->rest++;
				break;
			case ' ':
				lexer->rest++;
				continue;
			case '\\':
				token = (labubu_token) {.type = LAMBDA, .content = "\\" };
				current_token = labubu_token_list_append(
						current_token, 
						token);
				lexer->rest++;
				break;
			case '.':
				token = (labubu_token) {.type = DOT, .content = "." };
				current_token = labubu_token_list_append(
						current_token, 
						token);
				lexer->rest++;
				break;
			case '(':
				token = (labubu_token) {.type = LPAREN, .content = "(" };
				current_token = labubu_token_list_append(
						current_token, 
						token);
				lexer->rest++;
				break;
			case ')':
				token = (labubu_token) {.type = RPAREN, .content = ")" };
				current_token = labubu_token_list_append(
						current_token, 
						token);
				lexer->rest++;
				break;
			case ':':
				lexer->rest++;
				if (*lexer->rest == '=') {
					token = (labubu_token) {.type = DECLARE, .content = ":=" };
					current_token = labubu_token_list_append(
							current_token, 
							token);
					lexer->rest++;
				}
				break;
			default:
				buffer = malloc(100 * sizeof (char));
				size_t j = 0;
				char current = *lexer->rest;
				while(current != '\0' &&
						*lexer->rest != ' ' 
						&& current != '\n' 
						&& (current != ':' && current+1 != '=')
						&& (current != '(')
						&& (current != ')')
						&& (current != '\\')
						&& (current != '.')
						) {
					buffer[j++] = current;
					current = *(++lexer->rest);
				}
				buffer[j] = '\0';
				token = (labubu_token) {.type = VARIABLE, .content = buffer};
				current_token = labubu_token_list_append(
						current_token, 
						token);
		}
	}
}

void labubu_tokens_print (labubu_token_list* tokens) {
	labubu_token_list* current = tokens; 
	while ( (current = current->next) != NULL ) {
		switch(current->token.type) {
			case LPAREN:
				printf("LPAREN");
				break;
			case RPAREN:
				printf("RPAREN");
				break;
			case LAMBDA:
				printf("LAMBDA");
				break;
			case DOT:
				printf("DOT");
				break;
			case DECLARE:
				printf("DECLARE");
				break;
			case VARIABLE:
				printf("VARIABLE");
				break;
			case NL:
				printf("NL");
				break;
		}
		if (current->token.type != NL) printf(" %s\n", current->token.content);
		else printf(" \\n\n");
	}
}

typedef struct AST {
	enum {
		AST_DECLARATION, // VARIABLE := AST
		AST_APPLICATION, // (AST AST)
		AST_FUNCTION, // LAMBDA VARIABLE . AST
		AST_VARIABLE // VARIABLE
	} tag;
	union {
		struct AST_DECLARATION { char* name; struct AST* value; } AST_DECLARATION;
		struct AST_APPLICATION { struct AST* f; struct AST* v; } AST_APPLICATION;
		struct AST_FUNCTION { char* lambda; struct AST* body; } AST_FUNCTION;
		struct AST_VARIABLE { char* name; } AST_VARIABLE;
	} data;
} labubu_ast;

// shamelessly stolen: https://keleshev.com/abstract-syntax-tree-an-example-in-c/
void ast_print(labubu_ast *ptr) {
	labubu_ast ast = *ptr;
	switch (ast.tag) {
		case AST_FUNCTION:
			printf("\\%s.", ast.data.AST_FUNCTION.lambda);
			ast_print(ast.data.AST_FUNCTION.body);
			return;
		case AST_VARIABLE:
			printf("%s", ast.data.AST_VARIABLE.name);
			return;
		case AST_APPLICATION:
			printf("(");
			ast_print(ast.data.AST_APPLICATION.f);
			printf(" ");
			ast_print(ast.data.AST_APPLICATION.v);
			printf(")");
			return;
	}
}

bool tokens_lookahead_check(labubu_token_list* tokens, labubu_token_type type) {
	if (tokens != NULL && tokens->token.type == type) return true;
	return false;
}

labubu_token_list* parse(labubu_token_list* tokens, labubu_ast *ast) {
	if (tokens == NULL) return NULL;
	while (tokens->next != NULL) {
		labubu_token_list* current = tokens->next;
		if (current->token.type == VARIABLE) {
			//printf("VARIBLE NAMED: %s\n", current->token.content);
			ast->tag = AST_VARIABLE;
			ast->data.AST_VARIABLE.name = current->token.content;
			return current;
		}
		if (current->token.type == LAMBDA &&
				tokens_lookahead_check(current->next, VARIABLE) &&
				tokens_lookahead_check(current->next->next, DOT)) {
			ast->tag = AST_FUNCTION;
			//printf("FUNCTION WITH VAR: %s\n", current->next->token.content);
			//printf("<FUNCTION>\n");
			ast->data.AST_FUNCTION.lambda = current->next->token.content;

			ast->data.AST_FUNCTION.body = malloc(sizeof (labubu_ast));

			labubu_token_list* current1 = parse(current->next->next, ast->data.AST_FUNCTION.body);
			//printf("</FUNCTION>\n");
			return current1;
		}
		if (current->token.type == LPAREN) {
			///printf("<APPLICATION>\n");
			ast->tag = AST_APPLICATION;
			ast->data.AST_APPLICATION.f = malloc(sizeof (labubu_ast));

			current = parse(current, ast->data.AST_APPLICATION.f);

			//printf("\n");

			ast->data.AST_APPLICATION.v = malloc(sizeof (labubu_ast));

			labubu_token_list* current1 = parse(current, ast->data.AST_APPLICATION.v);

			//printf("</APPLICATION>\n");

			return current1->next;
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

typedef struct {
	char* name;
	labubu_ast* value;
} labubu_variable;

typedef struct LABUBU_VARIABLES {
	labubu_variable value;
	struct LABUBU_VARIABLES* next;
} labubu_variables;

typedef struct {
	bool found;
	labubu_ast* value;
} labubu_variables_lookup_response;

labubu_variables_lookup_response lookup(labubu_variables* env, char* name) {
	while( (env = env->next) != NULL ) {
		if (strcmp(env->value.name, name) == 0) 
			return (labubu_variables_lookup_response) { .found = true, .value = env->value.value };
	}
	return (labubu_variables_lookup_response) {.found = false, .value = NULL };
}

void push(labubu_variables* env, char* name, labubu_ast* value) {
	labubu_variables* next1 = malloc(sizeof (labubu_variables));
	next1->value = (labubu_variable) {
		.name = name,
		.value = value
	};
	next1->next=env->next;
	env->next = next1;
}

void pop(labubu_variables* env) {
	if (env->next != NULL) env->next = env->next->next;
}

labubu_ast* reduce (labubu_ast* ast, labubu_variables* env) {
	labubu_variables_lookup_response res;
	labubu_ast* f;
	labubu_ast* v;
	switch (ast->tag) {
		case AST_FUNCTION:
			f = malloc(sizeof (labubu_ast));
			f->tag = AST_FUNCTION;
			f->data.AST_FUNCTION.body = ast->data.AST_FUNCTION.body;
			f->data.AST_FUNCTION.lambda = ast->data.AST_FUNCTION.lambda;
			return f;
		case AST_VARIABLE:
			res = lookup(
					env, 
					ast->data.AST_VARIABLE.name);


			if (res.found && res.value != NULL) {
				if (res.value->tag == AST_VARIABLE &&
						strcmp(res.value->data.AST_VARIABLE.name, ast->data.AST_VARIABLE.name) != 0)
					return reduce(res.value, env);
				else return res.value;
			}	

			labubu_ast* ast1 = malloc(sizeof (labubu_ast));
			*ast1 = *ast;
			return ast1;
		case AST_APPLICATION:
			f = reduce(ast->data.AST_APPLICATION.f, env); 

			if (f->tag == AST_FUNCTION) {
				push(env, f->data.AST_FUNCTION.lambda, ast->data.AST_APPLICATION.v);
				labubu_ast* ast1 = reduce(f->data.AST_FUNCTION.body, env);
				pop(env);
				return ast1;
			} else {
				v = reduce(ast->data.AST_APPLICATION.v, env); 
				labubu_ast* ast1 = malloc(sizeof (labubu_ast));
				*ast1 = (labubu_ast) {
					.tag = AST_APPLICATION,
					.data.AST_APPLICATION = (struct AST_APPLICATION) {
						.f = f,
						.v = v
					}
				};
				return ast1;
			}
			break;
	}
	return NULL;
}

void read (char* content) {
	labubu_lexer lexer = {
		.tokens = malloc(1024 * sizeof (labubu_token)),
		.rest = content
	};
	printf("%s = ", lexer.rest);
	tokenize(&lexer);
	//labubu_tokens_print(lexer.tokens);
	labubu_ast ast;
	//printf("\n");
	parse(lexer.tokens, &ast);
	labubu_variables env = (labubu_variables) { .next = NULL } ;
	labubu_ast* reduced = reduce(&ast, &env);
	ast_print(reduced);
	printf("\n");
}

int main (void) {
	read("x");
	read("\\x.x");
	read("(\\x.x x)");
	read("(\\x.x \\y.y)");
	read("((\\a.\\b.((a b) \\x.\\y.y) \\x.\\y.y) \\x.\\y.x)");
	read("\\f.(\\x.(f (x x)) \\x.(f (x x)))");
	read("\\f.(\\x.(f(x x))\\x.(f(x x)))");
}